Common Cat Health Signs You Shouldn't Ignore

Our feline companions are masters of mystery and masters of disguise—especially when it comes to pain and illness. In the wild, showing weakness makes an animal vulnerable, so cats have evolved to hide their discomfort. This stoic nature means that by the time a cat clearly shows it's unwell, a condition may be quite advanced.

As a responsible pet owner, learning to decipher your cat's subtle signals is one of the most important things you can do. Here are the most common cat health signs you should never ignore.

1. Changes in Litter Box Habits

The litter box is a treasure trove of health information. Any deviation from your cat's normal routine is a red flag.

• Straining to Urinate: This is a true medical emergency, especially in male cats. It could signal a urinary blockage, which is fatal if not treated immediately. Even without a blockage, straining often indicates a painful urinary tract infection (UTI) or feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC).
• Urinating Outside the Box: This is often a cat's way of telling you something hurts. Don't mistake it for behavioral spite. Bladder pain, arthritis (making it hard to get into the box), or kidney issues can be the cause.
• Changes in Stool: Diarrhea, constipation, or the presence of blood or mucus that lasts more than a day warrants a call to the vet.

2. Changes in Appetite and Thirst

While a finicky appetite is a classic cat trait, significant changes are concerning.

• Not Eating (Anorexia): If your cat refuses food for more than 24 hours, it's a problem. Cats are prone to hepatic lipidosis, a dangerous liver condition that can develop quickly when they stop eating.
• Increased Hunger: A sudden ravenous appetite, especially in an older cat, can point to hyperthyroidism or diabetes.
• Increased Thirst/Drinking: Drinking more water and consequently producing more urine is a classic sign of several serious conditions, including kidney disease, diabetes, and thyroid problems.

3. Unexplained Weight Change

Weight change is always significant, whether it's loss or gain.

• Weight Loss: This is one of the most common signs of illness. It can be caused by anything from intestinal parasites and dental disease to diabetes, cancer, and kidney failure.
• Weight Gain: Sudden weight gain should be evaluated, as it can relate to hormonal issues or a dangerous fluid buildup.

4. Lethargy and Hiding

Cats sleep a lot, but there's a difference between napping and lethargy. A lethargic cat has a low energy level and little interest in playing, interacting, or even moving. Combined with hiding (especially in quiet, dark places), this is a strong indicator that your cat is not feeling well and is trying to cope with pain or illness.

5. Changes in Grooming

Cats are impeccable groomers. Noticeable changes in their routine speak volumes.

• Over-grooming: Excessive licking, chewing, or pulling at fur can indicate skin allergies, parasites (like fleas), pain (e.g., from arthritis in the area being licked), or stress and anxiety.
• Under-grooming: A cat that stops grooming itself will develop a matted, unkempt, or greasy coat. This often points to arthritis (making it too painful to twist and bend), dental pain, obesity, or general illness.

6. Vocalization Changes

Listen to your cat's voice.

• Increased Vocalization: Especially at night, this can be a sign of pain, disorientation (cognitive dysfunction in older cats), hyperthyroidism, or high blood pressure.
• Unusual Sounds: A change in the sound of the meow, such as a more hoarse or weak cry, can also be significant.

7. Breathing Problems

Any issue with breathing requires immediate veterinary attention.

• Symptoms: Look for labored breathing (using stomach muscles to breathe), rapid breathing at rest, coughing, wheezing, or open-mouth breathing. Causes can range from asthma and heart disease to infections.

*This is what lead us to bring Popcorn to the vet recently where he was diagnosed with heart failure.

8. Bad Breath

While cat breath isn't minty fresh, extremely foul breath is not normal.

• Significance: It can be a sign of severe dental disease (gingivitis, abscesses, tooth decay), which is painful and can lead to systemic infections. A strangely sweet breath can indicate diabetes, and a urine-like odor can suggest kidney disease.

9. Vomiting and Regurgitation

An occasional hairball is normal, but frequent vomiting is not.

• Concerning Signs: Vomiting multiple times a day, vomiting without producing anything (dry heaving), vomiting blood, or vomiting accompanied by lethargy are all urgent concerns. Chronic vomiting can point to anything from food intolerance to kidney disease or an obstruction.

10. Eye or Nose Discharge

Watery, mucous-filled, or bloody discharge from the eyes or nose often signals an upper respiratory infection (common in cats) or something more serious like a corneal ulcer. Squinting or holding one eye closed is a clear sign of eye pain.

The Bottom Line: Trust Your Instincts

You know your cat better than anyone. If something feels "off," even if it's not on this list, always err on the side of caution and call your veterinarian. Early detection is the key to successful treatment and a longer, healthier life for your enigmatic feline friend. Your vigilance is their first and best line of defense.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you have any concerns about your cat's health, please schedule an appointment with your veterinarian immediately.